Māori Grammar

▶

The children played and then they learned

ka as a past tense marker

Typically, the tense marker ka is used to indicate that something will happen in the future. However, when telling a story, ka is often used to indicate that something happened next. Usually this will be in a situation where we have already established that the events are in the past. In the following example, the word inanahi sets the event in the past, and therefore ka is translated as a past event:

Inanahi, ka haere au ki Te Tai Rāwhiti.
Yesterday, I went to town.

Ka mutu te kai, ka kī ia...
When the meal was over, he said...

Ka hokona e ua te koti rā mō te whā rau tāra.
She bought that coat for four hundred dollars.

Ka takaia, ka kawea, ka whakairia ki runga ki te kauere.
They wrapped him up and took him and suspended him in a puriri tree.

Ka mataku ngā kararehe i te whatitiri.
Thunder frightens animals.

Ka oho te tini i roto i te whare manuhiri.
The party at the visitor's house woke up.

Ka puta a Pihihuia me te wai.
Puhihuia appeared with the water.

Ka waiho he wāhi kia tuwhera ana i waenganui i ngā taiepa kōhatu nei.
A place was left open between the stone walls.

Ka nui taku aroha ki a koe.
My love for you knows no bounds.

Ka tātua i a rātou mō te haere.
They girded themselves for the journey.

Ka mahana haere te kaimoana i te rā.
The seafood is getting warm in the sun.

Ka kite a Tū i te mamaha e puta ake ana i mua o te tereina.
Tū saw the steam rising from the front of the train.

Ka tū mai te tumuaki ki te mihi ki a rātou.
The headmaster stood up to greet them.

Ka tae mai te taraka o Pita me ngā tēpu, me ngā tūru.
Pita's truck arrived with the tables and the chairs.

Ka hoki te kōrero ki a Hotu i ruku rā i te punga o tō rāua waka.
The story returns to Hotu who had dived for the anchor of their canoe.

Ka kitea au.
I am seen.

Ka kīa e te tatamariki he mea mahi ki te mākutu.
The young people said it was done with black magic.

Ka whakatika te ope tamariki nei, ka tātou i a rātou mō te haere.
The group of young people got ready and girded themselves for the journey.

Ka kite a Koa i te kōrua.
Koa saw the crayfish.

Ka karanga ki tana rōpā ki te wai ki a ia.
He called to his slave to get water for him.

Ka tū ngā tamāhine i te mataihi katau o te marae.
The daughters stood at the front right of the marae.

Ka mutu ōna tohu, ka noho ki raro.
When his instructions were ended, he sat down.

Ka kite au i a ia, ka aroha atu.
When I saw her I was moved.

Ka kite mai a Rangi-uru-hinga, he taniwha tēnei kei Moana-ariki e noho ana, i te kino o te mahi a Kupe ki a Hotu.
Rangi-uru-hinga, who was a taniwha living in Moana-ariki, saw the wickedness of Kupu's treatment of Hotu.

Ka tangi ngā tamāhine ki tō rātou pāpā.
The daughters mourned for their father.

Ka hoki te ope rā ki tana pā.
That group returned to its pā.

Ka kite atu ngā tāne o tēnei i ngā wāhine o tērā.
The men of this [tribe] saw the women of that [tribe].

Ka puta te iwi rā i te pā.
The tribe emerged from the pā.

Ka nui te mīti, te hēki me te tuna.
There's plenty of meat, eggs and eels.

Ka hoe mai whaka te tauranga waka i Onehunga.
They rowed through the canoe anchorage at Onehunga.

Ka puta taua tini rā ki waho o te pā.
That group went out of the pā.

Ka kite o reira taitamariki rangatira i taua kōtiro nei, i a Puhihuia,.
The young chiefs from there was this girl, Puhihuia.

Ka kauhoe ia i Rotorua ki Mokoia.
She swam from Rotorua to Mokia.

Ka māharahara te rōpā rā ki te mate whakamomori o tana ariki.
That slave was anxious that his master might commit suicide.

Ka waiho tonu tātou hei tinihangatanga mā tō tātou whaea.
We are always left cheated by our mother.

Ka patua taua kai rā e ia ki te manga o te kawakawa.
He struck that food with the branch of the kawakawa.

Ka haere te ope o Ngāti-Kahukoka i mua o ēnei.
The Ngāti-Kahukoka group went in front of them.

Ka whakatika atu ētahi ki te pōwhiri i waho o te pā.
Some stood to wave outside the pā.

Ka pahure te pā rā.
They passed the pā.

Ka rongo tana whaea i tana ui ki te hinu rautangi.
His mother listened to his question about scented oil.

Ka karanga atu te rōpū whakaeke ki ngā tangata whenua.
The group ascending onto the marae calls back to the people of the land/marae.

Ka haere ki Zealandia mō te kawhe.
I went to Zealandia for a coffee.

Ka kuhu mai te hoa o Mere.
Mere's friend comes in.

Ka rite i te tokomaha te whakataāe te rā hei hokinga mō rātou.
The many young people reached agreement on the day for their return.

Ka mutu tonu te kōrero ki konei.
The story finishes right here.

Ka haere mātou ki te tāone i nga Tāite.
We go to town on Thursdays.

Ka noho ia i tētahi rākau e noho rā he tāngata i raro.
[He] came to rest in a tree under which some people sat.

Ka piki puku atu hoki a Ponga i muri i a ia.
Ponga also climbed up silently behind her.

Ka riro i te hai hāte a Paki.
It was taken by Paki's ace of hearts.

Ka haere noa atu te iwi whenua ki ō rātou kāinga.
The local tribe went to their home.

Ka tono tonu ia i ngā turituri.
He kept hearing noises.

Ka pangaa atu to pāoro e Rangi ki a Hēmi.
Rangi passes the ball to Hēmi.

Ka kapo au i te pū.
I snatched the gun.

Ka tū atu anō he wahine.
Another woman stood up.

Ka pupihi te hau, ha hingahinga ngā rākau, ka rere ngā tīni o te whare.
The wind blew, the trees blew over and roofing iron blew off.

Ka mau anō te kōtiro rā i te ipu.
That girl picked up the calabash again.

Ka mīharo rātou, me te tino whakamihi.
They were all full of admiration, and very grateful.

Ka tino kaha rawa tōna tangi ki tōna mamae.
She mourned deeply for her pains.

Ka mahana haere ngā pō.
The nights get warmer.

Ka kīa e te taitamariki he mea mahi ki te mākutu.
The young people said it was done with black magic.

Ka patua katoatia.
All [the people] were killed.

Ka pahemo te awa o Tōrere.
He passed Tōrere's stream.

Ka tangi te pere ākuanei.
The bell has rung.

Ka tae ki te teihana, ā, ka hīkoi mātou i te taha moana ki Te Papa.
We arrived at the station and we walked by the sea to Te Papa Tongarewa National Museum.

Ka tae te ope rā ki ā rātou mea i mahia mai rā i Āwhitu.
The group took their things which had been made in Āwhitu.

Ka hoki mai nā roto i te nehenehe.
They returned by way of the patch of bush.

Ka mamae aku turi, ngā wāhi katoa ōku, engari kāore e heke taku taumaha.
They hurt my knees, and every other part of me, yet I don't seem to lose any weight.

Ka maremare rawa atu ahau.
I had to cough.

Ka pīrangi ia ki ngā mea katoa.
He wants all the things.

Ka puta katoa ki waho ngā tāngata o te pā ki te tahu kai.
All the people of the pā came outside to cook food.

Ka pātōtō ia ki te kūaha.
She knocks on the door.

Ka hoki atu ngā tamariki ki te kura āpōpō.
The children are returning to school tomorrow.

Ka kiriweti ia ki ngā mahi whakapātaritari a tōna tungāne.
She gets annoyed with the teasing antics of her brother.

Ka tū mai tētahi o aua wāhine rā.
One of those women stood up.

Ka haere i te ara i runga i te rangitoto.
They went along the path over the coria.

Ka whakawhanaunga koe ki a ia?
Do you relate to him?

Ka hoki ake anō te kotiro rā ki te pā.
The girl returned once more to the pā.

Ka mea atu a Kupe ki a Hotu...
Kupe said to Hotu...

Ka noho au ki te moenga inu ai i taku kawhe.
I sat in bed and drank my coffee.

Ka tītaha a Matariki ki te uru.
The Pleiades had descended to the west from its highest point.

Ka mau ana te ururoa ka kaha whawhai ia kia ora ake anō.
Whenever a shark was caught it put up a terrific fight to survive and personifies the epitome of striving.

Ka kite mātou i te Wind Wand, ā, ka hīkoi i te ara moana.
We saw the Wind Wand, and walked on the beach walkway.

Ka kite ia i te tīwaiwaka.
He sees the fantail.

Ka rere mai ngā waka i tai ki uta.
The canoes came from the sea to the shore.

Ka mutu te kōrero.
The discussion finished.

Ka whāngaia ngā manu e ia.
The birds were fed by her.

Ka mau ki tana mere pounamu, ke hoatu ki te tamaiti ariki o taua ope nei.
[He] took his greenstone mere and gave it to the young leader of this group.

Ka kitea kua puta i tētahi taha o te pā, kua haere whakatētahi taha o te pā.
They were seen emerging from one side of the pā, going towards the other side.

Ka nui taku hiahia kia kite i a koe!
I greatly desire to see you.

Ka karakia ia i ngā karakia mō ngā taniwha moana.
He chanted the incantations for the taniwha of the sea.

Ka rongo a Ataahua i te whakapū ahi.
Ataahua heard the fire siren.

Ka mau ki te kākahu o waho.
And took hold of her outer garment.

Ka tūpeke a ia i reira.
He jumped into the air there.

Ka titiro a Tame ki te parani i runga i te pounamu.
Tame looked at the brand on the bottle.

Ka whakatika aua wāhine nei, ka whai atu i taua tokotoru.
Those women stood up and followed those three.

Ka hapū anō hoki ia i muri iho i a Kōpako.
She conceived again after Kōpako.

Ka mātihe a Rangi.
Rangi sneezed.

Ka mōhio taku hoa ki te tangata rā.
My friend knows that man.

Ka roa, ka haere atu ia.
After a while, he left.

Ka puta mai te mate moe ki a Te Tahi.
Te Tahi became sleeopy.

Ka mea atu a Kupe ki a Hotu,
Kupe said to Hotu, "We must return".

Ka aha koe i ngā hararei?
What do you do in the holidays?

Ka pōwhiri ki ana ringaringa.
She beckoned with her hands.

Ka mea atu te rōpā rā, 'He kai.'
The slave said, 'Food!'.

Ka haere a Te Kooti.
Te Kooti goes.

Ka roherohea taua moana e rātou.
That sea was divided up by them.

Ka pōwhiri ia i a Pongo.
She beckoned to Pongo.

Ka tū mai tētahi wahine anō me te mere pounamu i te ringa.
Another woman stood and came forward with a greenstone mere in her hand.

Ka whakarongo puku a Ponga.
Pongo listened in silence.

Ka whakatika te kōtiro rā, ka mua ki te kīaka.
The girl got up and took a calabash.

Ka mea atu te kotiro rā ki tana whaea...
That girl said to her mother...