Māori Grammar

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Te Reo Māori Level 2
Passive sentences - tikina...

There are often two ways we can say the same thing: "I am reading a book" and "the book is being read by me". The first way, known as an "active" sentence, says that someone is doing something. The second, called a "passive" sentence, says that something is being done to something. In this case, the book is being read. There are many sentences that can be said in a passive way: "The milk was drunk by the children", "the fire was lit by the man", "the cake was baked by the Gran". 

Te reo Māori often uses a passive sentence structure. In fact, a general rule of thumb is that if you can say something using a passive sentence then it is preferable to do so. For example, it is better, in te reo, to say: "The work was done by me" rather than "I did the work".

A passive sentence is created by adding a passive ending to a verb. For example, the word for "love" is aroha, but the word for "to be loved" is arohaina. The -ina ending (or "suffix) makes the word passive.

There are quite a few passive endings:

-a, -hanga, - hia, -hina, -ina, -kia, -kina, -mia, -na, -nga, -ngia, -ria, -rina, -tia, -whia, -whina and -ea

There is no apparent rule as to which ending a word might take, and so these have to be learned. For example:

arohaina - to be loved
kainga - to be eaten
kōrerotia - to be spoken

Occasionally, the word itself may change slightly. For example:

titiro - to see
tirohia - to be seen

tuhituhi - to write
tuhia - to be written

We might have expected titirohoa or tuhituhitia, but where a syllable is duplicated in the word (ti-ti-ro, tuhi-tuhi) then the duplication is dropped.

The following are passive endings:

-a
-na
-ngā
-kia
-mia
-ria
-whia
-ina
-whina

-ia
-tia
-hia
-ngia

Can only be used with kei te, e... ana, ka, i, i te and kua. (Can't be used with me, hei, homai, hoatu)

-tia, -hia and -ngia are interchangeable. 

Passive sentences do not have i or ki before the subject:

Kei te whakatika i te waka.
The car is being fixed.

But:

Kei te whakatikaina te waka.
The car is being fixed.

(No i before te waka.)

I pōwhitritia e mātou.
They were welcomed by us.

I pōwhitritia mātou.
We were welcomed.

The particle e indicates who did the action, and can change the meaning of a sentence:

I patu au.
I hit.

I patua e au.
It was hit by me.

I patua au.
I was hit.

 

Whitiwhitia e te .
Transformed by the sun.

Ka patua te ngeru e te kurī.
The cat will be attacked by the dog.

Ka tāria te waka e ngā kaiako.
The car will be waited for by the teachers.

E mōhiotia whānuitia ana a Te Puea Hērangi e ngā tāngata Māori o te motu.
Te Puea Hērangi is widely known by Māori people from all over the land.

I tīkina te māripi e ia, kātahi ka tapahi ia i te pāua.
He fetched the knife, then he chopped the pāua.

Ka pūhia e ia te manu.
The bird was shot by him.

Kei pāngia ia e te rūmātiki.
He might get rheumatism.

Ka mea atu ia ki a Mea kia meatia ngā mea katoa ki mea wāhi.
She told so-and-so to put all the things in such-and-such a place.

I aukatingia ahau e te pirihimana.
I was stopped by the police officer.

Kua kohia e ia ētahi waiata tawhito.
Some ancient songs have been collected by him.

Kua tākarohia e mātou ngā kēmu e rua.
We've played the two games.

Ka nōhia ngā tūru.
The chairs will be sat on.

Kāore anō tēnei pānui kia pānuitia e au.
I have not yet read this notice.

Kua inumia te miraka e te tamaiti.
The milk has been drunk by the child.

Kei te tāia te pepa e te kaituhi.
The paper is being printed by the author.

E tapatapahia ana ngā aniana e ia.
The onions are being diced by him.

I kōhurutia te tangata ki te awa.
The man was murdered at the river.

E whakamākūtia ana ngā kākahu e te ua.
The clothes are being drenched by the rain.

I kohia ngā pipi e au.
I gathered the pipi.

Ka inumia te miraka e koe.
The milk will be drunk by you.

Haria ngā kākahu ki waho kia whitia ai e te .
Take the clothes outside so that they can be shone on by the sun

I nukuhia e au ngā ahi wera mai i ngā kōhatu ki te pouaka ki tōku hawera.
The hot ashes were moved by me from the stones to the box with my shovel.

E whāngaihia ana ngā kurī e Aroha.
The dogs are being fed by Aroha.

I mahia e ia he taonga wheua te rau tāra.
He made a bone pendant worth one hundred dollars.

Kua mahia te mahi e ngā tamariki.
The work was done by the children.

E tirohia ana ngā taonga tākaro ki te toa e ngā tamariki.
The toys in the shop are being looked at by the children.

Kotahi te poaka e pūhia ana a te Mane.
One pig will be shot on Monday.

Kua waiatatia te waiata e ngā tauira.
The song was sung by the students.

E nekehia ana ngā pouaka e ngā tamariki.
The boxes are being moved by the children.

Kei te topea te rākau e ia.
The tree was felled (by him).

E tapatapahia ana ngā aniana e ia.
The onions are being diced by him.

Ka āwhinatia a Mia e Nikau.
Mia was helped by Nikau.

Kei whaia koe e te kurī.
You might get chased by the dog.

I āta wāhia te wini e Hera.
Hera broke the window deliberately.

Ka manaakitia te harakeke e au.
The flax will be looked after by me.

Kua tuhia te reta e Hine.
The letter has been written by Hine.

Kei te tunua te kai ki te ahi.
The food is being cooked by fire.

I whakairotia a mua o te whare.
The front of the house was carved.

Kua horoia ngā rīhi e ngā tamariki.
The dishes have been washed by the children.

Ka mahia he waka tekau tāngata,.
A ten-man canoe was made.

I taupokitia te oneone e te paruauru.
The soil was dug by the gardener.

Kawea tētehi puka iti ki ngā wāhi kei reira te reo Māori e kōrerohia ana, tuhia ngā kupu me ngā kīanga ka rangona.
Bring a small book with you to the places where the Māori language is spoken, write down the words and phrases that are heard.

I whiria te harakeke e te kuia.
The flax belt was braided by the old woman.

Kua kauhoetia e ia te awa.
She has swum the river.

muri tata mai ka whakamihia ia āna mahi.
Shortly afterwards she was acknowledged for what she'd done.

I whakatūngia ahau e te pirihimana.
I was stopped by the police officer.

I whakaakona ngā tamariki e te kaiako.
The children were taught by the teacher.

I kainga katoatia te hākari.
The feast was all eaten up.

Kia tae atu tātou ki Te Tairāwhitio, ka pōhiritia tātou.
When we get to the East Coast we will be welcomed.

Kua kōrerohia e ia tēnei pukapuka.
He has read this book right through.

I te ngahuru i hauhaketia e rātou ngā riwai.
In the autumn, they harvested potatoes.

Kei te kitea te kōtiro e tōna māmā.
The girl is being seen by her mother.

Ka kimihia tētahi tikanga, e kitea ai he moni.
A plan will be sought whereby money will be found.

E kimihia ana te kiore e te ngeru.
The cat is searching for the rat.

Kei te āwhinatia te hoa e au.
The friend is being helped by me.

te kōrerotia i ngā katoa e ora ai te reo.
It is through being spoken all the time that the language will survive.

Tokohia ngā tāngata i tae atu ki reira?
How many people arrived there?

Kua kikia te pāora e Rangi to Niko.
The ball was kicked by Rangi to Niko.

Kei te kimihia he whare te kura.
A house is being sought for the school.

I runga i te paruone ka mahia e ia he raina mai i te kēti ki te whare ki tana rākau.
He drew a line in the dirt from the gate to the house with his stick.

Ka hangaia te whare e au.
The house is built by me.

I utaina e au ngā kai ki roto i te torore.
The food was loaded into the trolley by me.

Kua tāria koe e au.
You have been waited for by me.

Ka hokona te taonga e koe.
The gift will be bought by you.

Kei te tākarohia te pōro e ngā tamariki.
The ball is being played with by the children.

E takahia ana te whenua e ngā waewae o ngā manuhiri.
The ground is trodden on by the feet of the visitors.

E inumia ana te miraka e te ngeru.
The milk is being drunk by the cat.

I titoa te waiata nei e Jeff Simmonds.
This song was composed by Jeff Simmonds.

Ka mihia mātou e te tangata whenua.
We were greeted by the home people.

Kua kimihia e ia āna i ngā wāhi katoa.
He has searched everywhere for his keys. (Literally, his keys have been searched for everywhere.).

Kei te wetekia a Koa e tona hoa.
Koa is being untied by his friend.

E kimihia ana he tikanga e ngā āpiha.
A plan is being sought by the officials.

Kua pāngia taua wahine e te mate.
That woman has been touched by sickness.

Ka whakapaingia te papa e ngā tamariki.
The floor will be cleaned by the children.

Kei te tahia te papa e ia.
The floor is being swept by him/her.

Kua kimihia tāna waea pūkoro i ngā wāhi katoa.
His cell phone has been searched for everywhere.

Kua tapahia te pātītī e au.
The grass was cut by me.

I horoia ngā kākahu e au i tērā Rāhoroi.
The clothes were washed by me on Saturday.

Kua pānuitia taua pukapuka e au.
That aforementioned book has been read by me.

Kua whakapaitia tōu ruma?
Has your room been tidied?

Kei te riro te mōhiohio e te pirihimana.
The information is being received by the policeman.

Horoia e te ua
Washed by the rain

Kei te kōrerohia a Ari te pūrākau.
The story is being told by Ari.

I te pānuitia te kupu.
The message was being read out.

Ka horoia ngā kākahu e ia.
The white clothes will be washed by him.

I pēhia rawatia ngā wāhine.
The women were severely oppressed.

Kei te whitia au e te .
I am being shone on by the sun.

Auē, kua rakahia te whare? wai i raka te whare? Ehara i a au.
Oh no! Has the house been locked? Who locked the house? It wasn't me.

Ka tuwherahia te tatau e te kaiako.
The door will be opened by the teacher.

I kainga katoatia te kai.
The food was all eaten up.

Ki te kitea noatia e tētahi tangata mea...
If someone just sees something...

I āwhinatia rātou e mātou ko aku tēina.
They were helped by me and my younger siblings.

Ka patua ia e te tamaiti rahi.
He was hit by the big boy.

Ka tukua te kurī e au.
The dog was released by me.

I tāia ia e te moe.
He was overcome by sleep.

Ka tohia te āporo e Mere.
The apple will be picked by Mere.

I patua te kurī e te tamaiti.
The dog was hit by the child.

Kei te kōrerohia te kaupapa e te kaiako.
The topic is being discussed by the teacher.

Kua haria haeretia ngā kōhatu ki te moana.
The stones have been progressively carried to the sea.

I pōkia te rangi e ngā kapua.
They sky was covered over by the clouds.

E tahia ana e Pita te papa.
The floor was swept by Pita.

Kua whāngaia te ngeru e a Rangi.
The cat was fed by Rangi.

E waiatatia ana ngā waiata e ngā tauira.
The songs are being sung by the students.

Kua tapahia te pātītī e au.
The grass has been cut by me.

Kua tonoa kētia atu ngā pānui e mātou.
The notices have already been sent out by us (3/+ exclusive).

Kei te tangohia ōna e Makere.
Her shoes are being removed by Makere.

Ka tangihia ngā mate e tātou.
The deceased will be bereaved by us.

Kua tapahia te pātītī e au.
The grass has been cut by me.

He tūranga motuhake te reo Māori i waenganui i ngā reo e kōrerotia ana i Aotearoa nei.
Māori has a special position amongst the languages spoken here in Aotearoa.

I mahia e ia te wini me ana ringa paruparu.
He mended the window with dirty hands.

Kua tīkina ngā kākahu horoi e ngā tamariki.
The clean clothes have been fetched by the children.

Kua whakarekatia te inu.
The drink has been sweetened.

I utaina e au ngā kākahu ki roto i te mīhini horoi.
The clothes were loaded into the washing machine by me.

I hoea te waka e ngā manuhiri ki te motu.
The boat was paddled by the guests to the island.

Kāhore tēnei kete i rarangatia ki te raupō.
This kit was not woven out of bulrushes.

I whakatōkia ngā tipu e te paruauru.
The seedlings were planted by the gardener.

Kua haria ngā pouaka e au.
The boxes have been carried by me.

Ka whakatauria te kēmu e te kaiwawao.
The game will be decided by the referee.

Kua pānuitia taua pukapuka e au.
I have read that (aforementioned) book.

He marama pai a Hōngongoi kia kokotia ngā rōhi.
July is a good month to prune the roses.

E kimihia ana he tikanga.
A plan is/was being sought.

Kua tirohia ngā tāonga e ngā tauira.
The treasures have been looked at by the students.

Ke rāhuitia ēnei tauranga ike Ngāti-Kahukoka.
These fishing grounds were set aside for Ngāti-Kahukoka.

I whakatikahia te waka hei painga te haere.
The car was fixed for the benefit of the trip.

Kua whakakopaina ngā pūhera e ngā kaihoko.
The parcels have been wrapped by the shop assistants.

Ka kīia te wharepaku e ngā manuhiri.
The bathroom will be used by the guests.

Ka whāngaitia ringaringatia hoki a Ruataupare e tētehai tohunga.
Ruataupare was also fed by hand by a tohunga.

I kohia ngā pipi e au.
I gathered the pipi.

I te mutunga iho, ka whakaaetia e te katoa.
In the end, it was agreed to unanimously.

Kitea rawatia ake rāua i runga i te maunga.
They were finally seen on the mountain.

Kei te whāia te pōro e ngā tamariki.
The ball is being chased by the children,

Kua hokona ngā e Hōne.
The shoes were bought by Hōne.

I hopukia tēnei manu.
This bird was caught.

Ka whakatikahia te whare e ngā kaimahi.
The house will be fixed by the workers.

Kua tangohia e tōnā matua.
His shoes have been removed by his father.

Ka mutu ngā karakia a Te Aotaki ka werohia e ia a Rangipopo.
Te Aotaki finished his incantations and then he invoked Rangipopo.

Nōnahea rātou i pōwhiritia ai?
When were they welcomed?

Ka puhia ia i te manu.
He shot the bird.

Ke tukuna e Wairangi tana taurekareka ki a Pare-whete.
His servant was sent by Wairangi to Para-whete.

I hokona ngā ika e ia.
The fish were bought by him.

Kua inumia ā tātou waireka e ngā pakeke.
Our soft drinks have been drunk by the adults.

Ka rāhuitia ēnei tauranga ika Ngāti-Kahukoka.
These fishing grounds were set aside for Ngāti-Kahukoka.

I ngā o mua, kāore tēnei mahi e mahia ana e ngā Māori o Te Kaha.
Formerly, this activity was not performed by the Māori people of Te Kaha.

Ka arohaina te iwi e Te Atua.
The people will be looked after by God.

I horoia tōna waka e Pita.
His car was washed by Peter.

I taiāwhiotia te whare i te ture.
The house was surrounded by the police.

Ka pīrangitia e ia ngā mea katoa.
All the things are wanted by him.

I tomokia te e ngā toa.
The pā was entered by the warriors.

Kua whakamāramatia te mahi e te kaiako ki ngā tamariki.
The work has been explained to the children by the teacher.

Tapaia tonutia atu taua maunga nei ko Tirirau.
That mountain is still called Tihirua.

Ka horoia ngā kākahu e ia.
The white clothes will be washed by him.

E waiatatia ana ngā waiata e ngā tauira.
The songs are being sung by the students.

Kia kauwhautia atu iana, e ahau, ki a koe.
Let me know recite this to you.

Kua inumia ā tātou waireka.
Our fizzy drinks have all been drunk.

I patua te rango e te tangata.
The fly was hit by the man.

Ka whāngaitioa ringaringatia hoki a Ruataupare e tētahi tohunga.
Ruataupere was also fed by hand by a tohunga.

Mahia ai tēnei mahi i ngā omua.
This work was carried out in former times.

I topea te rākau e Rōpata.
The tree was cut by Bob.

Kei te arohaina te tamaiti e tōna whaea.
The child is loved by his mother.

Kei te kōrerotia ia e te kuramāhita.
She is being spoken to by the headmaster.

Ka karapotia te o Mātakiora.
The pā of Mōtakiora was surrounded.

I hokona ngā ika e ia.
The fish were bought by him.

E kainga ana ngā rīwai e te pēpi.
The potatoes are being eaten by the baby.

Ka haria ngā tamariki e au ki te papa tākaro.
The children will be taken by me to the playground.

I whāngaihia ia e ōna kaumātua.
She was adopted her grandparents.

Kua kōrerotia te tamaiti e tōna kaiako.
The child has been spoken to by his/her teacher.

I hoea te waka e ngā manuhiri ki te motu.
The boat was paddled by the guests to the island.

E whitia ana au e te .
I am being shone on by the sun.

I rurukutia ngā hokonga e ia.
The purchases were wrapped by him.

I kōrerohia te pūrākau ki te reo Māori.
They story was told in the Māori language.

Muri iho ka whakaarahia e ia ōna hoa koroheke o roto i te whare ki te mātakitaki ki te ātaahuatanga o tana wahine.
Afterwars, his old cronies in the house were roused by him to gaze at the beauty of his wife.

Ka numia ki te pakitara maui o waho o te whare.
And led him past the outside of the left wall of the house.

Ka kōrerotia au.
I am spoken to/about.

I utaina e au ngā kākahu ki roto i te mīhini horoi.
The clothes were loaded into the washing machine by me.

Kua mahia e Amaru he kapu rātou.
Amaru has made them a cup of tea.

E kōrerotia ana te karakia e te wahine.
The prayer is being spoken by the woman.

Kua kainga te parāoa e ngā rakiraki.
The bread has been eaten by the ducks.

Kua haerea te ara ra.
That pathway has been travelled.